Literature vs Film - 2194 Words

Art vs. Art 1. Introduction Literature can, at times, have a fascinating connection with film. Whether it is a film or a piece of literature, both are written by someone that wants to leave an impact on an audience. However, movies and books have different roles. They each have different strong points: books give better characterization, stronger revelations and inner conflict, but movies create better mood with music and visuals/effects. You should always read the book first because it is good to â€Å"practice† your imagination more than being told what to think. Altogether, literature and films can be a powerful teaching resource throughout an individuals development. 2. The Dilemma The book was better. What does it even†¦show more content†¦K. Rowling) * Lord of the Rings (by J. R. Tolkien) and so on†¦ Another thing that led to lots of screened books was the musicals or the parts involving songs made up just to entertain. Look for instance to Disney’s fairy tales. Even though they do not stick to the real text, especially the ending part, they are filled with a lot of music and jokes. Sometimes you really don’t care anymore about the real text because you get such a fine thing instead. Apart from these are of course the songs from other bands used to express the view upon the movie or from great movie composers such as Thomas Newman (The Shawshank Redemption), Howard Shore (Lord of the Rings), John Williams (Schindler’s list), John Barry (James Bond), Hans Zimmer (a lot of movies including Sherlock Holmes), Nino Rota (The Godfather) and many others. Here’s another comment in the subcategory of the â€Å"book was bette r† criticism: â€Å"they left out so many parts (added or replaced â€Å"sequences,† â€Å"characters,† â€Å"dialogue,† etc.) from the book. We must not forget this fact: a book generally takes about 10-15 hours to finish. A â€Å"long† movie is 3 hours. Obviously, something is going to be lost in the translation. Sure, some of the text in a book describes the scene which could be a whole page or more while a film can show the scene in a second. 5. The Comparison In order to make a great movie out of a book you must take into consideration the length ofShow MoreRelatedRomantic Literature Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesRomantic Literature in Modern Day Movie? Many people do not realize that Romantic Literature, even though it is a little over 200 years old, is still relevant in Contemporary Literature today. In the 1990 film Joe Vs. the Volcano, Gothicism is included throughout the movie. Edgar Allan Poe used Gothicism in many of his poems and short shorties, such as The Raven and The Fall of the House of Usher. The characteristics of Gothicism would be, dark, depressing, decay of mental or physical being, andRead MoreTo What Extent Does the Mise-En-Scene in ‘Night of the Hunter’ Reinforce an Understanding of the Films Mood, Character and Narrative Themes?1168 Words   |  5 PagesMise-en-Scene is used to signify the director’s control over what happens in the film frame. In English the phrase literally translates to â€Å"putting in the scene† (Bordwell, 2010a). ‘Night of the Hunter’ (Charles Laughton, 1955) is a prime example of a film that uses aspects of Mise-en-Scene to sway the audienceâ€⠄¢s opinions of characters and their understanding of narrative themes and to create a certain atmosphere in the film. â€Å"Although the fundamental aspects of Mise-en-Scene in both theatre and cinemaRead MoreHow Cartoon Violence Effect The Youth As An Audience?853 Words   |  4 PagesAnimated Disney Films. Journal Of Communication 58.2 (2008): 382-395. Film Television Literature Index. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. Kirsh, Steven J., and Paul V. Olczak. Violent Comic Books And Perceptions Of Ambiguous Provocation Situations. Media Psychology 2.1 (2000): 47-62. Film Television Literature Index. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. Krcmar, Marina, and Anna Hight. The Development Of Aggressive Mental Models In Young Children. Media Psychology 10.2 (2007): 250-269. Film Television Literature Index. WebRead MoreTim Burton, Style Analysis681 Words   |  3 PagesTim Burton Style Analysis Film Essay By John Visgaitis Period 6-7 The well-respected and established director Tim Burton has always been credited for the uniqueness of his many films. In one of his most popular movies, Edward Scissorhands, he reveals his true potential as a filmmaker and a modern allegorical poet. Within Edward Scissorhands and many more of his works, Burton uses a wide variety of stylistic techniques, including setting, point of view, and motifs. 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Mike uses several other key subjects like race, stereotypes, and friendship throughout the film that all are developed through conflict. In the film Finding Forrester, there are two major conflicts that take place between Jamal and Mr. Crawford, and JamalRead MoreComparative Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Anne School Literature Comparative analysis: â€Å"Heart of Darkness† â€Å"Apocalypse Now† Student: Mora Vandenbroele Teacher: Azucena Estigarribia Year: 11th â€Å"A† â€Å"Heart of Darkness† vs. â€Å"Apocalypse Now† It is very interesting how humans are so intrigued about the evilness in the world, and the dedication of some men to compare Hell with the Earthly horror. Joseph Conrad, a genius writer, took his time toRead MoreWalt Disneys The Lion King Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesfacade on a very serious story of responsibility and revenge. 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Influence Of The Early Bonds Created By Parents And Their...

Already since the 1960’s, medical research has shown the importance of the early bonds created by parents and their children. These theories on attachment have demonstrated the effect of attachment with social and emotional development and its direct relationship with future behavioral issues. Numerous studies have shown the existing links between early security and insecurity in the early relationships formed by the child, and future outcomes in his teenage and adult behaviors. Nonetheless, most of these studies have not considered the effects of early attachment between the child and the individual parent. That is, there are very few studies which have concentrated their research in the mother-child interaction, and father-child interaction. Still, these studies have shown that children’s attachment at an early age demonstrate good emotional health (as related to attachment to the mother), and behavior regulation (when considering attachment to the father). Gene rally though, the final results have been similar to those shown when the studies considered attachment to both parents. Kochanska and Kim provide us with a study that shows the critical importance of early parent-child bonds in the development of the child’s future mental health. They examined the links between early attachment organization in children, and its influence in future problems in behavior and health. Their study was innovative in nature as it dealt with children’s security organization withShow MoreRelatedFour Basic Elements Of Hirschis Social Bond Theory795 Words   |  4 PagesHirschi’s social bond theory is made up of four basic elements; attachment, commitment, involvement and belief. The element of attachment has to do with one’s involvement in society, and the bonds they form with others. 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Growing up my parents would always tell me to â€Å"stop acting Americanized† but this is the only way I know of whether if my culture is what is influencing me or if its my peers. â€Å"Culture, is a social practice, it is not something that individuals possess; Rather, it is a social process in which individuals participate, in the context of changing historical conditions. As a â€Å"historical reservoir†, cultureRead More Shaping Identity Essay839 Words   |  4 Pagesidentity can be created on the difference of having one parent, divorced or separated parents, no parents, abusive parents, or even negligent parents. For example, children who grow up without a father or mother figure tend to become more independent at an early stage. Another example is where certain experiences within the family such as constantly witnessing parents argue can cause ones identity to be confi ned and distant. But, some people shape their identity similar to their parents. 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Abnormal Psychology Abnormality Free Essays

1) Abnormality is defined from an average where common behaviour is defined as â€Å"normal† and rare behaviour is defined as abnormal. These characteristics can be shown and placed on a scale â€Å"graph† that would reveal how common their score is in comparison to everyone else. There are problems deciding how rare behaviour has to be to be considered abnormal, phobias could be defined as normal as they affect a lot of the population. We will write a custom essay sample on Abnormal Psychology: Abnormality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Different cultures have different definitions of being abnormal. Something that is rare to use might be defined as normal to a different culture. Statistical infrequency is a way to define events that are more or less common, this frequency is represented with a curve the most common events are the high part of this curve and the less common are the lowest part of the curve. The most infrequent occurrences are considered abnormal and statistically infrequent; these are events that occur rarely. In some situations statistical infrequency is used to define mental retardation, but statistical infrequency doesn’t focus on the bad points only, abnormal behaviour isn’t always undesirable e. . being better at sports, genius’s. Using statistical infrequency means we are unable to distinguish the good and bad abnormalities. 2) The diagnostic term for the patient is schizophrenia the doctor will evaluate the patient and ask about symptoms, medical history, and see if theres anything physically wrong with the patient. There are no tests to identify mental illnesses, the doctor would send the patient for tests to rule out any other illnesses first. If theres nothing physically wrong and the symptoms persist the doctor may refer the patient to a psychiatrist these people are trained for treating mental illnesses. These trained people use a specially designed interview to evaluate the person, they also see how the person is within themselves and socially, and watch the persons attitude and behaviour, the doctor would ask if they have Hallucinations,Delusions If extremely bizarre, they would see if their speech is Disorganised They can usually diagnose a mental disorder based on these factors. Doctors may misdiagnose patients suffering with schizophrenia symptoms, the patient may be embarrassed about being diagnosed with this condition so may not tell the doctor about hallucinations or any other disturbing behaviour, its difficult to diagnose schizophrenia with it being a mental disorder an may be diagnosed as another mental condition. 3) Discuss evidence that schizophrenia has a biological cause. Twin studies show that they have a higher concordance rates than dizypotic twins. The closer the relative the higher the concordance . Biological causes schizophrenia Our genes are involved with the inheritance or development of schizophrenia, multiple chromosomes are transmitted to people in generations and are later diagnosed with schizophria, there is a 70% chance of inheriting schizophrenia. Evidence shows that identical twins do not develop schizophrenia, i resent study shows that 28% of twins have a chance of developing schizophrenia if the other twin already has it. Stress can cause episopes of schizophrenia, there are also other factors like poverty, poor diet, ill health, drug use. Researchers have found that people suffering from schizophrenia tend to have been born in winter. There are no definite causes of schizophrenia. Chemotherapy is used to treat chemical imbalance’s in the brain, its changes the way the brain and body works. 4) Discuss the role of the family in the causation of schizophrenia. The double bind theory states that schizophrenia is a abnormal patter n in family communication, a person is given mutually contradictory signals by another person, this places the person in an arkward situation causing conflict. Liem et al compared communication patterns within the family with an without a schizophrenia, there was evidence that families process a role in relapse of schizophrenia patients following stabilisation. Familys hign in critgicism, hostility lead to more relapse, the double bind theory is a distressing communication within the family, the use of confusion makes it difficult to respond or to resist conflict. 5) Evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for schizophrenia, and discuss problems in assessing its effectiveness. This treatment is increasingly popular this has good success rates for epression, OCD, eating disorders and anxiety, its less effective with schizophrenia and dipolar depression. It works by the way we think at attitudes that influence our behaviour, irrational thinking is seen to be the cause of the mental disorders; it also works by changing the way the client thinks. This therapy has fewer side effects than any other treatments, this is a long term strategy but could make the patient worse if it doesn’t work and it’s not a quick recovery process. People could give up on this treatment feeling it’s not working because it takes a long time. How to cite Abnormal Psychology: Abnormality, Papers

Dollar Credit To Emerging Market Economies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Effects Of The Fluctuations Observed In The Australian Dollar To The Tourism Industry? What Are The Factors Which Have Caused The Rise In The Australian Dollar? What Are The Social Impact Of The Australian Dollar To The Tourism Sector? What Are The Economic Effect Associated To The Rise Of The Australian Dollar On The Tourism Industry? What Are The Impact Of The Exchange Rate On The Socioeconomic Construct To The Tourism Industry? What Are The Business Issues In The Tourism Industry That Are Associated To The Current Strong Australian Dollar? Answers: Introducation The tourism industry is a major key growth sector for the economy of Australia. With the rise of the Australian dollar the tourism sector would be greatly affected. In any country the economic systems as well as the financial have continue to be governed by their currency as well as the trends which are seen in the rise along with the fall of the currency. This rise in the Australian dollar has led to the growth of the tourism industry. This has led to the cheap local tourism which has been exhibited in the country. Some of the international economic researcher as well as the political analysts to predict when the country would become one of the economic power. According to the experts on the analysis they have carried out they believe that Australian dollar is expected to continue on this trend. This will have some implications on the country. Currently there has been steer excitement as well as optimism among the locals as the local are expected to enjoy cheaper shopping options an d tourism. In this research proposal it intends to highlights the economic, social and the business issues in the tourism industry in Australia. The proposal will focus on the ethical considerations, literature review, the aims and objective of the research as well as the research design to this research. The design will focus on the methodology for carrying on this research on the trends and the movement to Australian dollar rise and the impact it has on the tourism industry. Research problem In this research it will find out the repercussion of the climb of the Australian dollars over the recent years. The research will highlight the effect of this increase to the tourism industry in Australia. Moreover, it will highlight the social and economic repercussion of this climb (Caruana, 2016). Over the recent years the Australian dollar has been in a sharp rise. This dollar is at present higher over that of the US dollar. In this research to understand the dynamic of which causes this rise it is important to understand some aspects such as the economy, business as well as the social factors (Cooper, Schindler and Sun, 2006). The rise of this dollar has also caused an excitement as well as optimism to the local individuals in Australia since they would likely get cheap import and cheaper tourism. The problem which this research intend to answer would be what are on the repercussion of the rise of the Australian dollars especially to the tourism industry which is the main focus sector in the research (Caruana, 2016). To be able to carry an in-depth analysis of this research there are various research question and hypothesis as highlighted below. These research questions will discuss on the problem of what this research will seek to answer and there are also hypothesis that have been drawn from the research as highlighted as follows. Hypothesis The repercussion of the climb of the Australian dollars over the recent years to the tourism industry. The economic, social and the business issues as well as the trends and movement of Australian dollar impacts to the tourism industry. Background The economic systems as well as the financial of the tourism industry can largely be governed by the currency as well as the trends which are associated with both the rise and the fall of the currency (He, Fayman and Casey, 2014). In any country any changes in the currency leaves an effect to the economy, social as well as various sector of the countries (Henderson, 2014). Over the recent years it has been observed that the Australian dollar has risen and it has been higher than the US dollar (Fedoseeva and Werner, 2016). Based on the experts they have highlighted that this trend is expected to continue to rise and this will have implication particularly to the tourism sector which bring foreign exchange to the country Gooroochurn and Sugiyarto, 2005). For one to understand on the dynamics that governs the GDP and the social implication of an industry it is important to understand various aspects in details such as the economy, the business as well as the social factor that have cont ributed a lot to the Australian dollar (Henderson, 2014). This rise of the Australian dollar has caused some excitement as well as optimism to individuals who dwell in the country as they are able to get cheap import and local tourism would be cheaper. According to the researchers they have highlighted that as the dollar rises there could be decrease in the level of investment especially to the tourism industry as the cost of these investment would likely go up and the profitability margins very low. The low level of investment would have serious impact to the economy. The tourism industry is a major key growth sector for the economy of Australia. With the rise of the Australian dollar would not be so good for the tourism. It would act as the brake to the economy. The financial pressure from the Australia dollars rise has been felt by the backpackers when it comes to the budget who have made the lucrative segment for the tourism sector [Henderson, 2014]. This would led to even the cost of living in Sydney to go high. Moreover, it has been observed that as the Australian dollar increases it has caused the increase of the interest rate which has made the tourism industry to cramp and downsize the economy. Moreover, it will continue to hamper the local as well inbound tourism. An example of this was observed back in 2009 when more than ninety thousand tourist were leaving Australia than they were arriving during the month. The tourist arrivals rose about five percent over the year while the departure had increased by more than twenty percent which was the biggest annual rise over five year period. Individuals were travelling overseas for the holidays as it was much cheaper. Ethical considerations The ethical consideration provides a major element to the research. In this research it will adhere to the ethical consideration in promoting on the aims of the research which impact authentic knowledge, truth as well as prevention of the error (Henderson, 2014). Some of the ethical consideration which will be observed in the research are as follows; One of the ethical consideration is that this research will promote authentic, original and true knowledge whereby I will avoid errors (Ito and Chinn, 2014). In most of the cases this could happen when there is misrepresentation of the data that could be altered from a real scenario therefore, this research will intend to avoid these aspect and present a true degree of the knowledge on the research. Secondly, the research will promote value of collaborative work (Ito and Chinn, 2014). This will be through maintaining of the intellectual property rights of the fellow researcher whereby the information which will be borrowed from the secondary resources especially on the literature I would acknowledge on the true source of that information. This is an important aspect since the research would maintain a proper credential to their contributing research in this particularly area. Another ethical consideration which will be observed in the research will be to maintain of the quality and integrity along with the moral social value such as the legal compliance. Additionally, the research will preserve the participants anonymity and confidential (Gabaix and Maggiori, 2015). In the information sheet which will be provided by the respondent I intend to keep their data confidential (Ito and Chinn, 2014). When it comes to anonymity is that I do not need to know who the participant are. This will be achieved through having the organization in the research to distribute on the survey to the employees. Additionally, the information which will be provided I intend to keep it confident and never reveal the identity of the individuals in the research. Literature review 2.1 This chapter review on the repercussions of the climb of the Australia to the tourism industry. The literature comprise on the previous studies which have conducted by some of the other scholars. According to Cathy (2009), highlights that the exchange rate impacts negatively to the tourism industry as there would be issue of the pricing changes as the tourists would be required to spend more to exchange the currency. The tourism operators are very cautious in regards to the impacts of the rise of the Australia dollar (Eichengreen, 2014).. According to the Queeenland tourism and industry council they highlighted they were concerned in regards to the further rise. There was the issue of pricing changes in order to deal with the changing exchange rate. There is a higher exchange rate which would be expected to contribute in subduing on the price pressure to the economy of the country (Kiely, 2015). The appreciating exchange rate would result to slowing up of the tourism sector and there would be a likely an inflation which is higher than the current forecast. When the domestic rates becomes high they become more attractive to the foreigners who look in purchasing the Australian dollar to invest into the Australian market. In terms of the philosophy an adjustment to the valuation on the dollar could raise or even lower on the cost of foreign investment, therefore lowering the number of individuals who are visiting Australia such as the tourists (Kiely, 2015). Moreover, there have been numerous economic studies that have demonstrated that whether the Australian dollar may fluctuates against the foreign currencies (Kiely, 2015). The relationship between the exchange rates and Australia import prices is important to recognize on the nature of the Australia import flow in addition to the behaviour of the Australia consumer prices (Eichengreen, 2014). When there is a weaker dollar it usually contemplate to be the key aspect for the trade (Ivashina, Scharfstein and Stein, 2015). According to Jennifer and David (2002), according to the review they have done on the exchange rate they have recognized the significance of this to trade. The rise in the Australian dollar has been a major culprit in the low prices of the products (Mathews, 2017). They have majored their work on theories such as economic theory. According to Schuh (1975), he found out that the high point of the subsidies has no much correlation to the magnitude to which the subsidies as well as the degree of overvaluation (Schuh, 1974). This individual found out that the shift to the flexible exchange rate has a great significant to the emergence of the well-integrated international capital markets (Eichengreen, 2014). The research on the exchange rate can influence on the yielded varying results. Some of the researcher found that the exchange rate provides relatively miniscule role when it comes to the Australia price of the commodities. Based on Kost (1976), he reviewed that the theoretical framework that was used in accessing on the trade effect of the devaluation or perhaps the appreciation to the country currency on any commodity. He has traced the impacts of the changes to the exchanges on the commodity production, trade levels as well as the prices for any trading partners (Eichengreen, 2014). There are many researcher who have examined on the impact of the exchange rate movement for a given countries trade, but there have been disagreement which have persisted on the magnitude of this effect. The rise of the dollar has had an adverse impact on the Australian trade while the decrease or fall has aided on the increase of the Australian exports (Hirst,Thompson and Bromley, 2015). The prices of the products tend to be affected equally by the change which is exhibited in the exchange rate, when one considers the cross price impacts. Nonetheless, there are gaps from this research as it does not show how the rise will impact on the exchange rate. The author did not do an in-depth analysis of the same as they have focused on generalized concept on this aspect. According to research done by Jacob (2008), on the impact of the rising of the Australian dollar to the various industry, it has highlighted that this rise has not been able to benefit every individual. It can be observed that that the tourism industry has been suffering on the back of this dollar strength and the jobs of many of the workers are up in the air (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015). Nonetheless, as much as this author has examined on the winners and the losers of the dollar rise, he does not clearly examine on what has made these changes to occur and the effects which will be experienced in this sector (Burnside, Eichenbaum and Rebelo, 2016). The research of this author has been limited to a little scope particularly to the tourism industry. The researcher needed to compare the other business sectors which also plays a major role in the economic development of this country (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015). The analysis which has been done on this resource the author h as generalized on the benefits which are enjoyed on the rising dollar, he does not show how these occur and the ill-effect it has brought to the tourism industry (Kiely, 2015). It is also important to note that the research has tried to map the effect of the rise of Australian dollar it has to tourism industry. According to Ashvini (2010), on his review on appreciation of Australia real exchange rate on causes and the effects he has highlighted there are numerous social as well as economic implication when it comes to the tourism industry (Liamputtong, 2013). The impact are both diverse as well as extensive. It is worth noting that majority of the main implication has been in the improvement in regards to the terms of the increase in the exchange rate which has brought decrease in the number of the tourists since it becomes cheaper to take vacation to other countries compared to Australia (Mathews, 2017). This is a social implication to which this rise of the dollar has caused to the tourism industry. The rise has been in regards to the exchange rate interest as it has increased therefore individuals end up spending more to get the services (Best and Kahn, 2016). From his research he has highlighted that the main implication when it comes to the increase of the exchange rate has been the st ructural changes within the tourism sector (Hutton and Kent, 2016). From the summary of this research it has found that the major causes of the rise of rise of the dollar over the past decade has been associated to the resource boom, high product prices as well as the high interest rates along with the increased financial inflows (Leiper, 2004). Nonetheless, there is research gap in that the research has not examined on the expansionary effect of what the rise of the Australian dollar it would bring to the tourism industry in the long run and the other effects it would have in the sector. General objective The aim of this research is to carry out the climb of the Australian dollars in the recent years and the effect it has had to the tourism industry. The in-depth analysis would provide the social as well as the economic repercussions of the rise to the Australia dollar (Robinson, Nguyen and Wang, 2017). This research study has various objective which will be discussed in the research study. The following are the research objectives that the study will examine. To ascertain how the changes in the exchange rate of the currency are impacting on the tourism industry in Australia and how the profit and the losses associated with this sector affect the economy of the country. To determine how the fluctuations of the Australia dollar exchange rate impact on the flow of the tourism industry and how the fluctuations in tourism could affect the economy of a country. Research methodology In this chapter of the research it will discuss on the research design, the population, and the sampling approaches which will be used in this study. Moreover, in the research methodology will highlight the instrument of the data collection, as well as the data collection procedures and methods (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015). The aspect of the data analysis and the presentation approaches will also be discussed. Research design The research design can be regarded as the plan, structure as well as strategy of investigation which conceived in order to obtain the answers to the research questions as well as the control variance. It is the procedure which offers answers to the various issues for example the techniques to use in gathering of the data, the type of sampling approaches along with the tools which are used and how time and the cost constrains could be dealt with. The descriptive research usually determine and also reports on the way to how thing they are. The descriptive data is collected by means of the questionnaire survey, interview or the observation (Prasad, 2016). On the other hand, the exploration design entails to address on the need which certain inquires focus to the questions which require answers to be able to understand individual, events as well as the situations. The descriptive research design has been the preferred in this research to the others design (Benigno, Chen, Otrok, Rebucci and Young, 2016). The reason is that it will report on the status of the study variables. For this research study, the design will entails determining on the effects of the effect on the economy as well as the business organization. Moreover, it will ascertain on how the changes of the exchange rate could affect these business. Target population In the study, a populace continues to be understood to be the general selections of all the components in relation to which inferences are created and represents all the possible situations which are of great interest for the study. A population as a result describes all the instances or perhaps people which match in particular to becoming the source of the data that is required in addressing on the research issue which has been pointed out in the study (Frieden, 2014). The target population continues to be pointed out as the population that I am going to generalize on the outcomes of the study. I am going to obtain the samples from an obtainable population, which represent a feasible population. The population of this study will be employees of forty five companies which are operating in the tourism industry in Australia. The data will be drawn for a period of five years from 2012 to 2017. Strata Sample marketing managers 45 Finance managers 45 Total 90 Sampling procedures The sample of this study will be ten percent of the workforce that will comprise of nine hundred workers from the forty five companies that are in the tourism sector. The sample of ninety will be generated by use of purposively sampling of two workers from every organization (McCauley, McGuire and Sushko, 2015). One of the worker in the research will be the manager from the department of finance while the other workers will be a manager from marketing department. Instrumentation As a researcher I intend to collect the primary data with the help of use of the questionnaire. The questionnaire will have a close ended questions and it will be formulated with the use of the Likert scale methodology. In the use of the Likert scale, the respondent will be expected to neither indicate on their level of the agreement through use of a five point scale which is strongly Agree, Agree, Neither Agree nor disagree, strongly disagree as well as Disagree. There will be use of the secondary data which will be from the articles, books as well as the websites. Methods of data collection In this research proposal, the primary data will be collected through use of the structured questionnaire, as it will be much easier to administer, analyze as well as economical when it comes to time and the money which will be involved (Pevzner and Gaynor, 2016). The questionnaires will be issued to the respondent through the formal self-introduction. Moreover, they will be sent to the respondents under the questionnaire forwarding letter that will be accompanied by an introduction from the University (Pevzner and Gaynor, 2016). There will be follow up which will be undertaken and the questionnaires that are completed will be picked from these respondent from the later date. The secondary data on the information about the rise of the Australian dollar and the economic or the social impact it has on the country from the existing records of the various institutions. Reliability and validity There will be conducting of the test of reliability as well as the validity of the data collection instrument which are the questionnaire (Vang, 2016). Validity will be enhanced through engaging of the supervisor as well as the experts in the industry as to whether the questionnaire was accurately measured (Warnock, 2017). Reliability of the questionnaire will be achieved through subjecting of the questionnaires to the various managers in the industries in the research. Method of the data analysis The process of the data analysis will entails the data clean up as well as explanation (Cole and Nightingale, 2016). The primary data which will be obtained from the questionnaires will be summarized as well as analyzed by use of the descriptive methods. References Benigno, G., Chen, H., Otrok, C., Rebucci, A. and Young, E.R., 2016. Optimal capital controls and real exchange rate policies: A pecuniary externality perspective. Journal of Monetary Economics, 84, pp.147-165 Best, J.W. and Kahn, J.V., 2016. Research in education. Pearson Education India. Burnside, C., Eichenbaum, M. and Rebelo, S., 2016. Currency crises models. In Banking Crises (pp. 79-83). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Cole, D. and Nightingale, S., 2016. Sensitivity of Australian trade to the exchange rate. Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin, pp.13-20. Cooper, D.R., Schindler, P.S. and Sun, J., 2006. Business research methods (Vol. 9). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Caruana, J., 2016. Credit, commodities and currencies. speech at the London School of Economics, 5. Eichengreen, B., 2014. International currencies past, present and future: Two views from economic history. Fedoseeva, S. and Werner, L.M., 2016. How linear is pricing-to-market? Empirical assessment of hysteresis and asymmetry of PTM. Empirical Economics, 50(3), pp.1065-1090. Frieden, J.A., 2014. Currency politics: The political economy of exchange rate policy. Princeton University Press. Gabaix, X. and Maggiori, M., 2015. International liquidity and exchange rate dynamics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(3), pp.1369-1420. Gooroochurn, N. and Sugiyarto, G., 2005. Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry. Tourism Economics, 11(1), pp.25-43. He, L.T., Fayman, A. and Casey, K.M., 2014. Bank Profitability: The Impact of Foreign Currency Fluctuations. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 16(2), p.98. Henderson, J., 2014. The Future of Australian LNG ExportsWill domestic challenges limit the development of future LNG export capacity?. Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015. Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Hutton, A. and Kent, E., 2016. The foreign exchange and over-the-counter interest rate derivatives market in the United Kingdom. Ito, H. and Chinn, M.D., 2014. The rise of the'redback'and the people's republic of china's capital account liberalization: An empirical analysis of the determinants of invoicing currencies. Ivashina, V., Scharfstein, D.S. and Stein, J.C., 2015. Dollar funding and the lending behavior of global banks. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(3), pp.1241-1281. Kiely, R., 2015. Global Inequality and the Rise of the South. In The BRICs, US Declineand Global Transformations (pp. 129-151). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Kost, W.E., 1976. Effects of an exchange rate change on agricultural trade. Agricultural Economics Research, (3). Liamputtong, P., 2013. Qualitative research methods. Leiper, N., 2004. Tourism management (Vol. 455). Frenchs Forest: Pearson Education Australia. Mathews, T., 2017. The Effect of Chinese Macroeconomic News on Australian Financial Markets. The Sensitivity of Personal Income to GDP Growth 1 Factors Affecting an Individuals Future Labour Market Status 11 Measures of Inflation Expectations in Australia 23 The Cash Market 33 The Future of Cash 43, p.53. McCauley, R.N., McGuire, P. and Sushko, V., 2015. Dollar credit to emerging market economies. Pevzner, M. and Gaynor, G., 2016. The impact of internal control weaknesses on firms' cash policies. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 12(4), pp.396-421. Prasad, E.S., 2016. Gaining Currency: The Rise of the Renminbi. Oxford University Press. Robinson, T., Nguyen, V.H. and Wang, J., 2017. The Australian Economy in 201617: Looking Beyond the Apartment Construction Boom. Australian Economic Review, 50(1), pp.5-20. Schuh, G.E., 1974. The exchange rate and US agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56(1), pp.1-13. Vang, C.T., 2016. Hmong Refugees in the New World: Culture, Community and Opportunity. McFarland. Warnock, F.E., Warnock, F.E., Warnock, F.E. and Warnock, F.E., 2017. Prospective Capital Flows and Currency Movements: US Dollar versus Euro. Darden Business Publishing Cases, pp.1-23.

David Ricardo was born on April 19 1772 in London Essays - Economy

David Ricardo was born on April 19 1772 in London and was the third son of 17 children. His parents were very successful and his father was a wealthy merchant banker, making a fortune on the London Stock Exchange. When he was 14, Ricardo joined his father's business and showed a good grasp of economic affairs. However, he was disinherited by his parents when in 1793, he married a Quaker, so he set up on his own career as a stockbroker. He continued as a member of the stock exchange, where his ability won him the support of an eminent banking house. His success in this allowed him to retire at the age of 42. This enabled him to pursue his interests in literature and science, particularly in mathematics, chemistry, and geology. Along with Malthus, Ricardo was very concerned about the impact that rising populations would have on the economy. He argued that with more people, more land would have to be cultivated. However, the return from this land would not be constant as the amo unt of capital available would not grow at the same rate. In fact the land would suffer from diminishing returns. Extra land that was brought into cultivation would become more and more marginal in terms of profitability, and eventually returns would not be enough to attract any further capital. At this point the maximum level of economic rent would have been earned. The knowledge of comparative advantage enables countries to trade with other countries more efficiently and knowing the opportunity cost than are forgone and making the correct choices.It improves diplomatic relations between the trading countries.It also enables us to know which countries are relatively better at producing certain goods as compared to other countries.So,due to this theory,it allows trade between countries to improve their consumption of the goods in the market.This will raise production and provide more jobs.Indirectly,its solves the problem of unemployment due to incre asing population.Because of his theory,it has opened up trade to other countries hence increasing options for decision making.It encourages specialization between countries by showing that specialization actually increases production.

Absolutely unsinkable Essay Example

Absolutely unsinkable Essay Example Absolutely unsinkable Essay Absolutely unsinkable Essay The character of Mr.Birling is the main source of dramatic irony in the opening of the play. Many examples of this can be found in the text, such examples include Birling stating the Titanic was absolutely unsinkable and that war was impossible. The audience targeted for this play had the advantage of hindsight because of the play being written in 1945, therefore allowing them to realise the absurd nature of Birlings views and attitudes. Priestley is standing in opposition to Birlings views, so he makes him look as inane as possible by continually being contemptuous towards him through the role of the Inspector. With Birling living in a patriarchal society, men are the dominant sex and Birling feels the need to protect his family, which is ironic because he doesnt actually know that everyone present at that time is guilty in one way or another. By using dramatic irony within the role of Birling we know that what he is saying is actually the opposite of what will happen. This shows us that that his ideas are nonsense, and it will cause is to distrust his ideas and thoughts later on in the play. At the very beginning of the play, before we even meet any on the characters, it tells us that the lighting for Act One should be pink and intimate. This is to show that the current mood is calm and relaxed, and that the characters are quite comfortable with how everything is at that moment. The lighting then changes as soon as the inspector arrives; it goes from pink and intimate to brighter and harder. This contrast in lighting is very important; it shows us that the mood in the house is going to change and the characters are going to be interrogated in some way. We get the idea of interrogation from the way the lighting is described because the words used brighter and harder gives us the image of a blank, serious place like a police station in which interrogation takes place. This links to Priestleys social concerns for the simple reason that the characters are pleased with themselves and their current status, and do not want anything to change which could jeopardise this. The characters attitudes are a strong representation of the era they live in and show us exactly what it is that Priestley is trying to change about peoples perception of life. The doorbell signals the entrance of the inspector into the house, this is when everything changes. Birling is in the middle of his speech when the doorbell interrupts him. This is significant because just as Birling is talking about how a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own, Priestley chooses then as the right time to stop him. It is Priestleys way of stating that his attitude is entirely wrong and that he does not agree with it at all. By interrupting him, it shows the audience that Birlings ideas are corrupt and we cannot believe they are plausible. When the new major character of the inspector is introduced into the play, it has a dramatic effect on the rest of the characters. Before the inspector arrives, the characters seem to be closely bonded, a secure family unit, but as soon as the doorbell sounds, they fall to pieces. At that moment, the characters are quite satisfied with themselves, pleased with their current social status and wealth, even Birling is feeling contented, for once. The mood of the characters subsequently could not be more diverse, they panic, their dialogue suffers and none of the characters are certain what to say anymore, they are in a general state of perplexity. The character that suffers most from the introduction of the inspector is Birling himself, he goes from making extensive speeches about life and the world, to short statements and questions, which both in turn reflect the state of bewilderment he is in. Examples of this can be found when shortly before the arrival of the Inspector, Birling is talking of the old days and says, They worked us hard in those days and kept us short of cash, but when he is aware of the Inspector now being present, he begins to sound worried, An inspector? What sort of inspector? At first Birling had full control over his family, he was the manager so to speak, but when the inspector enters this superiority crumbles and Birling frantically attempts to regain this dominance. He tries to use his social status to control the situation but they are words falling on deaf ears. He uses all the possible solutions in which he feels the inspector may find intimidating, such as the fact he was an alderman for years and that he was Lord Mayor two years ago. However, the inspector takes no notice of this newly established information, and is not even concerned with the fact that Birling is still on the Bench. By the end of Act One we see that Birling has utterly no power left over the characters, and that they are all tied to Eva Smith in one way or another and there is nothing he can say or do to get them out of it. In An Inspector Calls, character exits are used to further the plot and so extend the audiences knowledge of the background to the characters. The most important uses of these character exits can be found very near the beginning and towards the end of Act One. Firstly, there is the character exit in which Sheila and Eric exit, after Birling makes an elongated statement expressing his general Edwardian views for example The worlds developing so fast itll make war impossible. This character exit is especially important as it helps us to understand the characters social and political views for later in the play. When Eric and Sheila leave, Birling and Gerald are left behind, this is significant because it leaves the older generation to express their Edwardian ideas and helps us to see Birlings character in full light as all the attention is placed on him, we would not see him the same later in the play if this had not happened. It is relevant that Eric and Sheila exit since their opinions differ to those of their father, and if they were to stay on stage then they would have argued against Birlings many speechs and then we would not get such a deep understanding of his character as he would no longer be the only focal point on stage. On the other hand, if Priestley were to leave the characters on stage but keep them quiet, then it would totally defeat the object of what he is trying to achieve; keeping them quiet while Birling continues would clearly show them not opposing their fathers views, which could ultimately mislead the audience into thinking they are in agreement with him. Secondly, it is when the inspector leaves Sheila and Gerald alone to converse about how it is that Gerald is associated with Eva Smith (known as Daisy Renton to Gerald). This character exit is used so that the two characters can be left alone to talk over the relationship between Gerald and Daisy, and so giving us additional information to what happened to Daisy prior to her committing suicide. Whats more, the characters feel intimidated when they are around the Inspector and when he leaves Gerald and Sheila alone it gives them a chance to act normally with each other, and as the Inspector is a very overpowering character, with him not being present it leaves the audience to focus on them. This broadens our familiarity of the two characters, Gerald and Sheila, as we see how they act around each other when they are alone. In addition, it shows us that Sheila and Geralds relationship is not as steady and secure as they had previously believed it to be. These character exits relate to the question as they leave behind characters so they can share their part with one another and so thicken the plot, as well as the fact that Priestley uses the exits so characters are left to widen our knowledge of them as a person and helps us understand them as the play continues. The end of Act One has many effects on the audience by not only interesting them, but also making them want to continue watching the rest of the play. One of the effects the end has is that it is left on a cliff-hanger; no one is sure what exactly is going to happen and who will be accused next. Another effect is the fact that more characters are becoming suspects, at first we got the impression he was only coming to see Birling but then we soon realised it involves more then just him, as is shown by the fact the inspector will not reveal the photo to everyone at the same time. One effect that is clearly apparent by the end of Act One is that the characters have no family loyalty left, they seem to be all thinking about themselves, which reflects on Priestleys concern of people becoming selfish and self-absorbed. The final effect the end has on the audience is when the act is finished with the inspector saying Well? This gives us the idea that he knows more is to come and is just wai ting for Gerald to continue. Almost all of Act One is ironic in retrospect, due to the fact that much of it talks of things which are history for the audience and they already know the outcome for the reason that they have the advantage of hindsight. It is ironic because when Birling talks of the Titanic being absolutely unsinkable and war being impossible, the audience know that both of these statements are incorrect due to the fact that they have both happened, and in the case of war they have even taken place twice. If you look at the book in a wider text, you will see that the whole play is actually ironic when we look back at it. The fact that the play begins with the death of Eva Smith, and then ends with the announcement of her death, is ironic because we spend the whole play going through the motions of Eva Smith before her death only to end up back where we started at the end of the play. The playwright, J.B.Priestley, changes the audiences opinion of the Birlings during Act One. The first impression given is that the Birlings are a respectable family highly regarded in their vicinity. They have worked hard to get where they are and deserve to enjoy their wealth and happiness, but this opinion differs as Act One progresses. Birling is seen as a very proud character; he is middle class but works to become higher in his social status. He is very shallow, he determines success on peoples wealth and social status and believes that he and his family are important, he is not responsible for anyone else. At the beginning of the play, they give the impression they are a close family unit and support each other throughout, but we soon see that it is in fact the total opposite, it is every man for himself, there is a sense of insincerity. The characters are self-interested and in the end are out for themselves. The only character I would say changes for the better, is Sheila. Her first impression is one of childishness, for example when Gerald presents her with the ring she says Look-Mummy-isnt it a beauty? The word Mummy we wouldnt usually associate with a girl in her early twenties. When she realises her part in the death of Eva Smith she is full of remorse and penitence. She is the only one that learns from the death and changes for the better. All of the other characters seem to be either in self-denial or are too interested in what is going to happen to them and how it will effect their reputation etc. then they are in the fact they played a part in the girls suicide. Priestley uses many methods to interest and involve the audience. He uses dramatic irony to interest the audience because he knows they understand that Birlings thoughts and ideas are nonsense, and so are found to be ironic. In addition, he plays on the fact that the audience have the use of hindsight that links to Priestleys use of dramatic irony. The audience know that Birling is wrong in what he says and it shows them to not trust his thoughts and feelings later in the play.  Another method Priestley uses, is the role of the inspector within the play, Priestley reveals his concerns through the inspector and uses him to teach the Birlings a lesson in the right way in which to live. The end of the play suggests that the interrogation of the Birlings will continue in a vicious circle until they eventually learn their lesson. I believe that Priestley is trying to get across the message of responsibility, and the fact that we all need to accept responsibility for our own actions because in the long term they not only affect us, but also the people around us. He conveys this message throughout Act One by using many dramatic devices, including making fun of Birlings Edwardian beliefs and airing his own Socialist views through the role of the Inspector. This message is still relevant today because it does not matter, what time period you live in, your actions always have a ripple effect on other people and it would be selfish not to consider others when contemplating doing something which may affect the lives of others in the short or the long term.

HR Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR Questions - Essay Example Conducting needs assessment requires a closer evaluation of the requirements of the employee, the responsibilities to be undertaken, and the goals of the organization. Ensuring employees’ readiness would necessitate establishing preparedness of the employee with regards to their motivation, drives and needs, behavior, and basic skills for undertaking current and future responsibilities. Creating a learning environment defines the training materials and resources, including monitoring and administration of the training program. The phase that indicates ensuring transfer of learning means that people involved in the training process must validate knowledge, skill and abilities that were developed through self-management, peer and manager’s support. Developing an evaluation plan is a measure for evaluation and performance of the training program through identification of the learning objectives, selecting an appropriate evaluation design, and undertaking cost-benefit analy sis. Selection of the training method requires determining whether traditional or e-learning methods are most effective for the organizations’ goals. Finally, monitoring and evaluating the program should determine the strengths and weaknesses of the program and address the weaknesses, as required. The two flaws of the ISD model are: (1) in real life setting, organizations rarely follow the exact step-by-step process; and (2) evaluation of its effectiveness is only done at the end-time (Noe: PPT 9). A formal learning entails a planned effort for employees to gain knowledge regarding their specific job requirements. On the other hand, informal learning is a type of learning that is not structured or rigid and is based on a trial and error method, consulting colleagues, and researching for more information through electronic means. Formal training is more preferable in situations that require adherence to rigid, formalized and highly structured strategies to

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Annotated Bibliography Example Though the power coefficient of some of these turbines may be relatively low, they also work under low-quality winds. The writer claims that air flow approaching a wind turbine slows down by creating a low- pressure region behind the turbine. This pressure difference between the two sides of the propeller blades reduces the efficiency of doing work and increases the cost of wind power generation. Following to such loss a wing structure placed at a distance around the turbine is used to increase the power of the wind turbine by a factor of 2.0. The propeller is tightly fitted onto the inner shroud without leaving space between the tips of the propeller blades and the shroud. This method of improving wind turbine efficiency reduces the cost of generating wind power. These authors believe that the use of mantle’s nozzle which can be regulated can generate more quantities of electric power in wind turbine. The nozzle that is aerodynamically shaped ring induces a centrifugal force in the wind stream thus replacing free air stream with a concentrated stream of air. As a result, higher mass of air flows and velocity of this air behind the rotor reduced giving a higher energy output from the wind turbine in the nozzle. This increases the profit and reduces the cost of generating wind power. Though speed variation will increase, the concentration factor fc=2.5, it becomes inconvenient to work with wind at speeds exceeding the rated one. It is for this reason that control blades are installed on the frame side to let the excess air bypass the turbine rotor. This is however an additional cost and weight whose effects are adverse as well. These experts argue that steering aero foils are used to increase the rotational speed of wind blades. They are fixed surrounding the wind blades at an optimum distance whereby the angle of inclination can be valid. By adjusting the length and the angle of tilt, the rate can be

Alien Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alien Culture - Essay Example So to overcome this fear and to push myself out of my comfort zone I chose to sell. Negotiating is often not considered an imperative part of leadership but it is, for instance, if a student needs to ask the university to add a course in their curriculum, the leadership needs to negotiate (. I purchased back-support cushions that one puts on their office chairs. The logic behind these cushions is they support the back when the person needs to sit for longer hours for work. I purchased 10 of these and tried to approach people outside an office in the hopes of selling them. I put the bag that had 10 cushions aside and picked out one. I literally went up to people in suits and tried to sell these. The idea was not to sell at a profit, the idea was just to sell! This challenge taught me that the most daunting aspect of selling is the approach. The feeling one gets right before approaching someone, whether it is asking for a raise or asking to buy a product. There is another lesson that I learned that no matter what you are selling a person needs to stay calm, relaxed, confident and has to look the potential customer in the eye. However, one should not appear challenging or intimidating the customer. This challenge proved more difficult than I had imagined. I thought that people would buy these cushions when I offer them a discount, but that wasnt the case. Simply, people were not interested in them. But I stood committed. There was a moment during the day when I asked myself ‘am I wasting time?’ ‘Is selling, persuading and negotiating not my thing?’ But then my commitment compelled me to finish the task and I ended up making a certain profit which I wasnt even aiming for. After asking people for two hours without a positive response I got angry but more importantly, I became determined. I overcame the anxiety of having a difficult conversation. I realized that there isnt much to

Feminine Identity and the Corset: A History

Feminine Identity and the Corset: A History Concepts of feminine identity have changed drastically throughout history. Ancient sculpture reveals that beauty was considered to be a woman who was greatly obese, perhaps because of its connotations of a woman well-fed in a world where that was a difficult achievement. The ancient Greeks valued a more muscular figure in their artwork of the feminine ideal, yet these figures still retained a soft roundness. In modern times, the feminine ideal has shifted to something closer to the skeletal. As this transition occurred, fashion has played a significant role in shaping the female identity. The durability and versatility of the corset as a defining garment is almost as astonishing as its continuing appeal. Even after it lost its widespread popularity, the continued use of the corset in Hollywood depictions of the feminine preserved its use, established its historic connotations and illustrated how it symbolized something larger than itself. Contemporary fashion has given the corset a n ew lease on life as women continue to turn to this garment as a means of identification within the modern world. Although the corset has traditionally been viewed as a symbol of female submission, any intrinsic meaning is subject to wide interpretation. What the immediate meaning usually comes from is available imagery, past or present, the suggestive pictures that have pervaded public consciousness and are loaded with shared associations (Hollander, 1995: 26). The tight-lacing of the 17th and 18th centuries indicate the degree to which the corset was considered a means of female sexual expression and define ideas of female beauty. Understanding how the corset has been used in Hollywood, revitalized in cult fashions and re-introduced in high fashion illustrates how it can operate to convey female submission and aggressive sexuality depending upon the internal and external factors at play in its design and use within modern fashion. Hollywoods Creation Hollywood and the big name movie producers have employed the corset in any number of ways from the beginning of the industry. The corset was already used in everyday dress when Hollywood emerged and it was already a strategic garment in Vaudeville and Broadway. Even then, women craved the fashions they saw on stage depending upon the persona of the actress and the intentions of the wearer. Broadway and Vaudeville star Anna Held is the first great example of the corset as a defining garment of the female character. Most of her fame was not attributed to her singing voice, but rather to her rolling eyes, eighteen inch waist and naughty songs (Kenrick, 2004). As is shown in Figure 1, Held continued the practice of tight-lacing in order to portray an enticing, sexually appealing woman with a tiny waist and accented upper features. Through these types of costumes in combination with her activities, Held demonstrated a life of independence and success while remaining sexy and appealing to the opposite sex. Author Eve Golden was quoted saying Held was everything that was glamorous about Broadway, everything that was naughty about Paris (Van Degans, 2006). Mae West achieved similar associations in notoriety and accomplishments. As early as age 14, West was being hailed as The Baby Vamp (Mae West Biography, 2004). Like Held, she became famous because of her quick wit and brazen sexuality. In 1926, Mae wrote, produced and directed the Broadway show Sex, which led her to be arrested for obscenity (Mae West, 2004). She was so controversial that new censorship codes were put in place in 1934 specifically to address her writing, but this didnt keep her from filling her lines with outrageous innuendo and double entendres. Her first film role was supporting George Raft in Night After Night (1932), in which Raft said she stole everything but the cameras. The first film to star West, She Done Him Wrong (1933), the film version of Diamond Lil, broke box-office records and saved Paramount from selling out to MGM (Mae West, 2004). Although West continued to emphasize the hourglass figure, she rejected the wasp-waist and tight-lacing of Held. Instea d, as is shown in Figure 2, West presented a narrow yet proportionately-sized waist. Women wishing to appear independent and sexual began including the corset to heighten and claim their sexuality. Although many stars who appeared in corsets as a part of their outer costume, such as Mae West and Anna Held, retained doubtful reputations as wild, free and sexual women, the corset was also used by good girls. In the 1950 film Two Weeks with Love, Jane Powell, the girl-next-door, deepened her image with the part of Patti Robinson, a 17-year-old vying for the love of a charming Latin man. A main point in the plot refers to the vital role of the corset as a means of defining a woman, something no real femme fatale of the time would be without (Two Weeks with Love, 1950). This good girls struggles to acquire a corset helped to blur the boundaries between the appealingly feminine good girl and the aggressively sexual bad girl. Throughout Hollywoods progression, women were often seen using corsets as a means of obtaining the ideal female figure despite changing fashions. Thus, Hollywood allowed the garment to shape and redefine the figures of thousands of American women through the gene rations. Examples include the hourglass figures of Debbie Reynolds in How the West Was Won and Marilyn Monroe in River of No Return, the cinch waist shown in The Glass Slipper on Leslie Caron and the straight-line figure of Betty Grable. Each of these images gives women something they can identify with that would encourage their use of the corset to express some aspect of their sexuality. Debbie Reynolds is sweetly sassy with the traditional hourglass figure. Marilyn Monroe disrobes for the camera to casually reveal her stunning shape. Leslie Carons super slim waist is emphasized by the attention of the actors while Betty Grables curves are made more alluring by the control maintained in the World War II poster. In each case, the use of the corset emphasizes rather than negates the sexual appeal of the women and provides her with an aura of power. Throughout these depictions and regardless of the finished shape, the corset was essential to full expression of true femininity. Without it, the female was somehow less than a woman as she lacked any sexual identity. The corsets continued use as a symbol of female empowerment in Hollywood ensured its continued use in society. Corsets Return in Cult Fashion Modern fashions use of the corset began with the Gothic fashions of the late 20th century although it can be found in other styles as well. Fashion designers working within smaller cult groups incorporated it as a feature element of everyday outerwear. Again, it is typically used to heighten a womans sex appeal, but the forms of interpretation can vary widely based upon the vision of the designer and the intention of the wearer. One such designer is Vivienne Westwood, who worked in the rock and roll movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Britain. Her fashions reflect the sexual freedom of female expression found in the womens movements of the time. She felt the repression and conservatism of Britain were in opposition to the freedom and liberation being expressed in America. She rebelled against these attitudes in the aggressive, outspoken nature of the clothing she designed. Westwood discovered that there was a dramatic potential in the clothes themselves that could be heightened: laden with associations, biker gear links sexuality, violence and death, in a twentieth century archetype (Savage, 2001: 21). She built on these ideas by adding metal studs, chicken bones, chains, zippers and other things to her designs. This made her the mother of the punk rock fashions (Savage, 2001: 21). Many of these designs included the corset as a fetish object, made in leather, vinyl or other materials (see Figure 7) to denote a dominatrix-type image. This gave the garment connotations of power and control. The jewel-like elements on the corset featured in Figure 7 also provides a strong element of decadence and wealth. Westwood then took the corset in a new direction as she defined the romantic pirate movement and the savages movement of asymmetrical skirts and ripped layers. Her corsets took on softer fabrics, but did not reduce the sense of power and control associated with the earlier designs. The sensuous images used in the Aphrodite and Adonis corset epitomizes the type of soft, yet blatant, sexuality the corset has come to represent. Westwoods reworking of the corset for outerwear has become one of her most recognizable trademarks. Romantic and historically accurate, the corsets are also surprisingly practical. Stretch fabrics allow ease of movement, and removable sleeves convert a daytime garment to evening wear. Once a symbol of constraint, corsets are now an expression of female sexuality and empowerment (Vivienne Westwood, 2004). Westwoods brilliance is in finding a means of melding the blatant sexuality of the corset-as-outer-garment crowd with the soft femininity of the corset-as-undergarment crowd. Madonnas now legendary conical bra, created by Jean Paul Gaultier and worn throughout her Blonde Ambition tour nearly ten years later, would never have happened if it hadnt been for Westwood playing with the concept of underwear as outerwear some time before him (Frankel, 2001: 52). Westwood recognized the attraction to this style was the inherent empowerment afforded the wearer. There is always a sense of dange r just under the surface of her designs, as is somewhat apparent in the example pictured in Figure 9. The Corset in High Fashion From its appearance in cult fashions, the corset has also been accepted back into high society as a symbol of status and taste. The corset had many positive connotations of social status, self-discipline, artistry, respectability, beauty, youth and erotic allure (Steele, 2001: 1). These concepts have been re-introduced to the corset as fashion designers increasingly recognize its appeal as an undergarment to women seeking psychological empowerment as well as an outer garment to highlight and reclaim sexual expression. Even when the full corset is not used, many designs mimic the hourglass shape in the cut of a jacket, the lacing on the back of a shirt or the boning of an evening gown. The corset captured the dichotomy between artifice and restraint and reflected the highly ornamental status given to the female body (Keenan, 2001: 171). However, the primary purpose of these elements continues to focus on providing the wearer with a sense of sexual power. Following Vivienne Westwood, haute couture designer Jean Paul Gaultier realized the corsets connotations of feminine power. The corset My first trademark piece. At the beginning of the 20th century, women considered corsets anti-freedom, but when I put them on the runway in the early 1980s, it was to express the power of femininity. It was supposed to be hidden, but making it apparent made people rediscover it. I love the fact that a woman or man wearing one feels strong and powerful (Davis et al, 2006: 43). His corset dress designs are based on the idea of the corset with many designs incorporating boning, support and tabs, but his favorite feature seems to be the lacing which adds a touch of the romantic and the sexual as is highlighted in Figures 10 and 11. Whether through the Paris runway or the cult sectors, the corset has entered mainstream fashion thanks to the creativity of designers, the versatility of new fabrics and techniques and the desire of women to construct an identity in keeping with the pressures of the modern era. Designers such as Stella McCartney have modified the corset dress to make it extremely wearable. The dress pictured in Figure 12 could be worn to an evening event as easily as an afternoon lunch. Designers have begun using elements of the corset in ever-more casual designs. In addition to the feminizing aspects of the fabrics and patterns selected for these pieces of clothing, the slimming features of the corset combined with its breast enhancing abilities are at the heart of this popularity. Psychologically, the popularity of the corset can be explained by its strong connotation. The corset, still being a historical garment, probably gives the wearer the feeling of timelessness and freedom felt when wearing fancy dress. It lets her adopt a role, a character, maybe a powerful seductress, which is not allowed during daily life (All Tied Up, 2006). By wearing a corset-inspired top, a modern-day woman gains the ability of expressing her femininity, exploring her sexuality, imbuing herself with a feeling of confidence and power and showing off her figure in its best light. Conclusion The Corset-Defined Identity Throughout its long history, the corset has been a significant player in the shaping of female clothing and female identity. Whether used by outrageous female actresses pushing the bounds of female sexual expression such as Mae West or Anna Held or incorporated into films by directors to illustrate a specific point, the corset remained a significant symbol of female identity throughout most of Hollywoods history from the vamp to the alluring ideal feminine. Moving into the 21st century, the corset has not phased out of production or usage. With designers such as Vivienne Westwood redefining both the function and the message of the corset, as well as revolutionizing the fabrics, materials and comfort level of these garments, the corset has seen a comeback into modern clothing. By bringing the corset into the open, Westwood also brought the subject of female sexuality more into the open, encouraging discussion and display. Her powerful designs and innovative fabrics served to highligh t the concept that the feminine could be powerful as well as shapely even while comfort remained a concern. The corset was then morphed into other styles of clothing for a variety of purposes. This effectively brought the idea of the feminine into a new context still defined by the shape of the corset, the feminine had suddenly been shaped into something defined by the individual woman and could reflect everything from guileless submission to the needs of the male to powerful aggression and control on the part of the female. The corset bears an everlasting sexual attraction: it glorifies, underlines, exacerbates and idealizes the female form. It has evolved aesthetically and symbolically: from underwear to outerwear (in late nineteenth century ball gowns), from corsets to bustiers, from constriction to power, from lingerie to armor (All Tied Up, 2006). I think you see why the shaping of the waist is important regarding sexuality. You state that W.Westwood was solely responsible for the comeback of corsets in the 80s. you could argue that it has always been there. Doirs new look (the nipped in waist) a corset in a more relaxed form. Not only female wears corset. Men do. Currently and in the past. Could talk about the waist coat acting like a corset for men or look up dandies Corsets Return in Cult Fashion and The Corset in High Fashion chapters can be cut down a lot if you look at the trickle down theory by simmel.

Drugs: Hurt Players And Sports Essay -- essays research papers fc

Drugs: Hurt Players and Sports Brett Favre, Diego Maradona, and Darryl Strawberry are all big name sport stars. They all play different sports, but all have the same problem: they tested positive for using illegal drugs. Cocaine, anabolic steroids, and painkillers are just a sample of drugs found in sports. Cocaine is described this way, â€Å"It makes you feel like you can do anything, and for athletes who long to be in control all the time, that's a strong temptation† (Coffey 1). Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic forms of hormones that produce muscle faster (Rozin 176). Over fifty percent of the players in the National Football League are weekend or recreational users of cocaine (Burwell 1) . Forty-four Olympians have been caught with steroid use since 1972 (Corelli 28). Through Favre's painkillers, Strawberry's and Maradona's cocaine, one can see that drugs hurt the athletes as well as the sport. First Brett Favre, who was the Most Valuable Player in the National Football League last season, entered a drug abuse center for his addiction to Vicodin, a very strong painkiller (Plummer 129 ). Favre had problems because of Vicodin. Favre suffered a seizure in February while in surgery to repair a broken bone. The seizure resulted from the abuse of the painkiller (Howard 1). Favre states, â€Å"I went to Topeka, because the pills had gotten the best of me† ( qtd. in Plummer 129). Favre's daughter Brittany asked his wife Deanna, â€Å"Is he going to die?† (qtd. in Plummer 129). He not only scared himself but his family as well. Favre not has to submit up to ten urine tests a month. His losses were internal as well. â€Å"It is kind of embarrassing,† says Favre; â€Å"I will do whatever it takes† (qtd. in Plummer 133). He spent several weeks in rehabilitation but was not be fined or suspended. If caught again his charge will be a four game suspension with loss of pay. Another famous athlete, Diego Maradona, was once considered the most skilled soccer player in the world. Now he is considered a loser. Maradona was banned from international soccer play for testing positive for cocaine. Shortly after that, he was arrested for cocaine possession (Longman 1). The fifteen month suspension ended in time for Maradona to play in the 1994 World Cup. He was then caught with five illegal drugs in his system. One doctor cal... ...re greater than ever and fines are outrageous. The chance to play and perform must outweigh the desire to experiment with drugs and suffer the painful consequences of drug abuse. Works Cited Burwell, Bryan. "The NFL Confronts the Burgeoning Drug Crisis." Social Issues Resources Series August 21, 1983, Article #54 Volume 2. Coffey, Wayne. â€Å"Cocaine Back in Sports News, and Many Ask About Bias' Death.† New York Daily News. May 20, 1996. "Cornered Kicker." Sports Illustrated. July 11, 1994. Volume 81. Corelli, Rae. "The Drug Detectives." Maclean's . July 22, 1996, Volume 109. Longman, Jere. "Maradona's Suspension Disappoints U.S. Team" New York Times. July 1, 1994. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. â€Å"Packers QB Favre Enters Substance Abuse Program.† May 15, 1996. Plummer, William. "Beating the Blitz." People. October 28, 1996. Rozin, Skip. "Steroids and Sports: What Price Glory?" Business Week. October 17, 1994. Sports Illustrated. "Cornered Kicker." July 11, 1994. Volume 81. Verducci, Tom. "The Hard Price of Hard Living." Sports Illustrated.. February 27, 1995. Volume 82.

Impacts Of The Economic Downturn On Health Economics Essay

Undertaking ) â€Å" Identify and explicate how the economic downswing may impact straight and indirectly on the wellness of people in the UK. Discuss with mention to identify positions on wellness inequalities and socioeconomic position † â€Å" Those who do n't cognize history are destined to reiterate it. † Edmund Burke ( 1729-1797 ) 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Poor wellness affects the lower-classes more significantly and disproportionately than the upper-classes ( Chadwick, 1843 ) . Somewhat before his clip Chadwick concluded the unequal impact of hapless wellness on lower socio-economic groups is evitable. Indeed, Chadwick claimed that he could cut the decease rate in London by a 3rd by bettering the conditions of the lower-classes ( Chadwick, 1843 ) . Figure: Scanned infusion from the original study by Edwin Chadwick on the healthful conditions of the laboring population of Great Britain ( 1843 ) . 1.2 Chadwick ‘s belief in miasma, as the instrument of decease, was incorrect but his decision that the impact of ill-health and mortality on the lower-classes was greater than that of â€Å" upper-classes † was anything but incorrect. In 1844 Engles claimed the disparity was due to the chase of wealth by the upper-classes, the middle class, at the disbursal of the wellness of the lower-classes, the labor, and referred to the phenomenon as â€Å" societal slaying † ( Engles, 1844 ) . 1.3 Since Chadwicks ‘ study in 1843 many others, most notably, the Black Report ( DHSS, 1980 ) , the Whitehead Report ( Whitehead, 1988 ) , the Atchison Report ( 1997 ) and the Marmot Review ( 2010 ) , conclude that those in lower-classes or lower socio-economic groups are more likely to be affected by hapless wellness, and as a effect the labor will see higher mortality which is unjust and wholly evitable ( Bradby, 2009 ) . The purpose of this paper is to place and explicate how the 08/09 economic downswing may impact the wellness of people in the UK with specific mention to social-class and wellness inequalities. 2.0 Social-class and wellness inequalities 2.1 The Registrar General ‘s categorization of social-class, conceived in 1911, was based on business with specific mention to the implied societal position of that business ( Bartley and Blane, 2009 ) . This method of categorization, limited by its stiff contemplation of a structured-hierarchal-unchanging-society, was superseded in 2001 by the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification ( NS-SEC ) , an internationally recognized categorization that takes history of position, income, chances, security, instruction, and liberty and control ( Denny and Early, 2005 ) . 2.2 In using NS-SEC, Marmot ( 2010 ) showed the sum of societal inequality persons experience is comparative to the sum of wealth and power wielded by those single ; the less wealth, power and influence and accordingly the lower social-class the greater the inequality. Graham ( 2007 ) , identified the beginnings of economic and societal inequality are hapless instruction, deficiency of occupation chance, and accordingly hapless income chances, and demonstrated a generational geographic temperament to ill-health and disablement. 2.3 The eventual societal place, money, power, and material wealth acquired in life are non relative to their wellness hazards, ( Marmot, 2010 ) . Jointly the determiners of wellness are rooted in the societal, geographical, environmental, political, and material universe ; which affect the mental and physical wellbeing of persons unevenly. Dahlgren and Whitehead ( 1991 ) clearly describe the determiners of wellness as a multifactorial-socio-economic phenomenon of which the bulk is under the control of those with greater power, see Figure: The chief determiners of wellness ( Beginning: Dahlgren and Whitehead, 1991 ) . below: Figure: The chief determiners of wellness ( Beginning: Dahlgren and Whitehead, 1991 ) . 2.4 The societal inequalities in wellness are described by Bartley et al.. ( 2004 ) as 4 theoretical accounts: 2.4.1 The behavioral theoretical account which advocates the single chooses to damage their ego through their ain hapless picks such as intoxicant maltreatment, drug usage, smoke, and hapless diet doing fleshiness ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.4.2 The materialist theoretical account which suggest the quality of your material universe such as your house, the location you live in, and handiness of quality merchandises has an impact on your wellness ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.4.3 The psyco-social theoretical account analyses the relationship between the physiological effects of perceived societal unfairness on the human organic structure. High emphasis, deficiency of support, emotional withdrawal, relationships, can consequence harmful biological alterations which manifest in unwellnesss ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.4.4 The life class theoretical account, which combines strands from the behavioral, materialist, and psychosocial theoretical account. If you are of a lower social-class, societal mobility is improbable and your material universe is improbable to alter for the better, nor are you behaviours or stressors, all of which have negative cumulative effects that damage wellness but can-not be mitigated by societal capital, ( Bartley et al.. 2004 ) . 2.5 Locker ( 2008 ) describes the incorporate nature of these theoretical accounts as the â€Å" web of causing † . Suggestive of the proposition that no individual theoretical account histories for all causes of ill-health but without uncertainty wellness inequalities manifest in more long-run unwellness for lower-classes, and higher infant mortality rates, non to advert a greater opportunity of coronary bosom diseases, shot, lung malignant neoplastic diseases, self-destructions, and respiratory disease ( Marmot, 2010 ) . 3.0 Recession and Downturns 3.1 The definition of a â€Å" Recession † is widely accepted as two-or-more back-to-back quarters of negative growing. The ONS has recorded eight recessions over the past 55 old ages ; on norm of 1 every 6.8 old ages, Table: Eight recessions between 1956-2009, associated figure of negative growing periods and cumulative impact on GDP. ( Beginning: ONS, 2011 ) refers ( ONS, 2011 ) . Table: Eight recessions between 1956-2009, associated figure of negative growing periods and cumulative impact on GDP. ( Beginning: ONS, 2011 ) . 3.2 Literature suggests the lower socioeconomic category suffer more well in times of recession, although Elliott et Al. ( 2009 ) suggest the longer-term agony and in some respects, the greatest consequence on lower social-classes is from the downswing. The 08/09 recession started in Q2/08 and ended in Q3/09, stand foring six quarters of negative growing and has the greatest cumulative decrease in GDP ( ONS, 2011 ) . Elliott et Al. ( 2009 ) province the length of recession and longer-term impacts of the recession are dissociated. The writers attempt at a graphical representation of Elliott et Al. ‘s premise are seen in below: Figure: Writers graphical representation of Elliott et Al. ‘s premise that the recession and downswing are dissociated 3.4 This representation may propose the consequence of rebalancing is more likely to impact lower social-classes than the recession its ego, given that market forces manipulated by higher social-classes create the environment for a recession, which is rebalanced by cardinal authorities at the disbursal of the lower-classes in the signifier of decreased public disbursement and accordingly a decrease in employment and societal services. 4.0 Social-class and the economic downswing 4.1 Harmonizing to Marmot and Bell ( 2009 ) recessions have greater impact on those of a lower socio-economic place due to their inability to endure a recession. Although, Gerdtham and Ruhm ( 2006 ) , based on an analysis of OECD informations, claimed mortalities rates decline during recessions an analysis of informations obtained from the ONS demonstrates that morality rates as a % of population did non worsen universally over the period of 1956 – 2009 against the mean mortality rate for that period. Harmonizing the the ONS information for the first 5 recessions the mortality rate was higher than norm when considered as a % of population. During the 90/91 recession the mortality rates as a per centum of population was close norm and so declined significantly during the latest recession, which concur with Rhum ( 2005 ) findings, Figure: Mortality rates as a % of population during recession old ages. ( Beginning: ONS 2011 ) refers. Figure: Mortality rates as a % of population during recession old ages. ( Beginning: ONS 2011 ) 4.2 Interestingly the unemployment rate as a per centum of the population when considered against the mean unemployment for the period 1973-2009, was significantly lower in the 73/74 recession and merely reached para at the beginning of the 90/91 recession, Figure: Unemployment rates as a per centum of population during recession old ages refers. Martikainen et Al. ( 2007 ) identified in their survey, mortality rates do non needfully increase during recession old ages, and in fact, grounds suggests the antonym. Specifically, during the last recession mortality rates appear to be above the norm during periods of high unemployment, Figure: Mortality rates as a % of population during recession old ages. ( Beginning: ONS 2011 ) and Figure: Unemployment rates as a per centum of population during recession old ages refer. Figure: Unemployment rates as a per centum of population during recession old ages, ( Beginning: ONS, 2011 ) 4.3 Marmot ( 2010 ) , Elliott et Al. ( 2010 ) , Kondo et Al. ( 2008 ) , conclude the impact on wellness is straight related to social-class, which is important when you consider latest recession. Evidence shows that unemployment by and large rises and with that rise there is besides a rise in the mortality rates ( as a per centum of population ) with the exclusion of the latest recession ( ONS, 2011 ) . 4.4 A quick and soiled statistical reappraisal for the period 1973-2009 of % decrease in GDP, against the % unemployed suggests a tendency for social-class effected during recession see.Table: England and Wales – Population Total, Deaths, Mortality Rates, Unemployment Rates, against recession old ages. below. Table: England and Wales – Population Total, Deaths, Mortality Rates, Unemployment Rates, against recession old ages. 4.5 Using the 73/74 and 75 recessions as a benchmark and presuming the social-class affected by the recession contributed to the loss of GDP, it is apparent that the undermentioned recessions affected different social-classes accepting mean net incomes applies to social-class. 4.6 The 80/81 recession saw more people unemployed but less of an impact on GDP, which implies those unemployed contributed otherwise to GDP coevals proposing lower paid workers, lending less to the coevals of GDP were unemployed, this tendency is more apparent in the 90/91 recession. However, the 08/09 recession appears different the ratio of unemployed to the decrease in GPD is similar to that of the 73/74 and 75 recessions. 4.7 Vaitilingam ( 2009 ) suggested the 08/09 recession would impact the in-between category and given the important addition in loss of GDP in relation to the figure of unemployed is implicative of a more flush worker going unemployed. 4.8 In kernel the information suggest the greater the decrease in GDP relation to the rate of unemployment the different category affected by the recession. Therefore, in every instance other than the 08/09 recession the per centum of unemployed has been greater than the decrease in GDP. This suggests that lower category are proportionately more instantly affected by the Recession than higher categories. In the instance of the 08/09 recession, the decrease in GDP is greater than the rate of unemployment proposing a high socio economic category will be instantly affected by the recession, which is really unusual for the UK. How that manifest down the societal strata is yet to be observed. 5.0 Decision 5.1 It is widely accepted that hapless wellness affects lower social-classes more significantly and disproportionally and that it is evitable, ( Marmot, 2010 ; Bradby 2009 ) . Occupation entirely, as step of social-class in out dated and does non take history of the diverse societal stratification seen in modern society where position, income, chances, security, instruction, and liberty and control, vary well throughout occupational sets ( Bartley and Blane, 2009 ; Denny and Early, 2005 ) . 5.2 Marmot ( 2010 ) and Graham ( 2007 ) showed the less wealth, power and influence and the lower social-class the greater wellness inequality. This wellness in equality Graham ( 2007 ) , and Dahlgren and Whitehead ( 1991 ) claim is associated with hapless instruction, deficiency of occupation chance and hapless income chances. The behavioral, stuff, psychosocial and life class theoretical accounts, discussed by Bartley et al.. ( 2004 ) and Lockers ( 2008 ) â€Å" web of causing † by definition place the determiners of wellness are rooted in the societal, geographical, environmental, political, and material universe. 5.3 The clear premise by Elliott et Al ( 2009 ) and Marmot and Bell ( 2009 ) that recessions doing greater and more well longer enduring to those of lower socio-economic category is mostly without challenge. The effects of economic rebalancing on lower social-classes is less good understood, nor are the longer term effects of the downswing in the signifier of decreased public disbursement and accordingly a decrease in employment and societal services that are to a great extent relied upon. Does policy alteration better conditions for lower social-classes or does it amplify the effects of an already unequal system. 5.4 Gerdtham and Ruhm ( 2006 ) show there is grounds of displacements in mortality rates around recessions although the overall consequence of recession and unemployment on longer term mortality rates is less clear. If, as Marmot ( 2010 ) , Elliott et Al. ( 2010 ) , and Kondo et Al. ( 2008 ) , claim the impact on wellness is straight related to social-class, and if one can pull the decision that different social-classes suffer otherwise during recessions so Vaitilingam ( 2009 ) 08/09 middle-class recession should uncover, as the longer term effects of the downswing come to an terminal, that there is no noticeable addition in preventable unwellnesss and deceases amongst the most vulnerable. The consequence on the lower social-classes may non be as apparent this clip unit of ammunition albeit strictly by opportunity. 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